Cronon, William. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.W. Norton, 1991. pp. 92-147.

Kessner, Thomas. Capital City: New York City and the Men behind America’s Rise to Economic Dominance, 1860-1900. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003. Ch. 3-6.

Beckert, Sven. The Monied Metropolis: New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie, 1850-1896. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 172-282.

^Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier #1. Morgan: American Financier #2 . New York: Random House, 1999. pp. 171-187; 222-237; 390-481.

^Stiles, T. J. The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. pp. 365-437